Fuel Ez

Fuel Cells Durability & Performance ||| Market Research Report

This book provides an interdisciplinary review for fuel cell developers, manufacturers and suppliers working in the fields of fuel cells materials, stacks, system design, fabrication, and testing. Important topics to be addressed include:
• Factors Affecting Durability & Performance

• Electrocatalysts – The Platinum Issue

• Testing, Protocols, Balance of Plant

• Beyond PEM

• Membranes and MEAs

AUDIENCE:

Application Manager
Business Development Manager
Chemical Engineer
Chemist
Chief Technology Officer
Development Engineer
Director of Manufacturing
Director of Marketing
Director of Technology
Electrochemist
Manager for Test Engineering
President & CEO
Program Manager
R&D Chemist
R&D Engineer
Research Engineer
Research Scientist
Technology Development Manager
Vice President of Research
Vice President of Technology

Table of Contents :

CHAPTER 1
DOE Fuel Cell R&D Activities: Transportation, Stationary, and Portable Power Applications
Terry Payne, PhD, PE, Technology Development Manager, and Nancy Garland, PhD, Acting Fuel Cell Team Leader, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy
The Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Program initiated new research and development projects aimed at reducing component cost and increasing stack durability and performance of transportation and stationary fuel cells. Updated progress in the Program including highlights from the new projects includes operation of a membrane electrode assembly over 7300 with voltage cycling. Market transformation activities in the Program such as forklifts for distribution centers and fuel cells for backup power will be discussed.

CHAPTER 2
FCV Development at Nissan – Current Status and Future Perspective
Kev Adjemian, Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Japan
Nissan Motor Company has recently developed their latest generation in-house stack which possesses many enhancements over the previous generation. Compared to the former stack, this design has doubled the power density and provides a longer lifetime while simultaneously reducing the overall cost. This has been accomplished with the development of an ultra-thin metal separator which has increased the maximum power by 40 kW, reaching a total of 130 kW. Additionally, the platinum usage has been halved which has resulted in both an increase in durability and a reduction of cost. Future research will be focused on additional enhancements of the stack and system in order to achieve FCV commercialization under the Nissan Green Program.

CHAPTER 3
Degradation of Gas Diffusion Media
Rod Borup, PhD, Institute for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Fuel Cell Program Manager, Fuel Cell Team Leader, Los Alamos National Laboratory*
Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) degradation over the lifetime of a PEMFC system can play an important role in the overall performance of the system. GDLs tend to show decreasing hydrophobicity during operational lifetimes, which change the fuel cell’s operating characteristics with respect to water removal and power density. Aging conditions vary the degree of GDL hydrophobicity loss, while exposure to impurities have been shown to both decrease and increase the hydrophobicity. To understand GDL degradation, we utilize a number of characterization methods, including measurements of surface energy, contact angle, pore size distribution, elemental analysis, FTIR, microscopy and in situ RH tests. *In collaboration with: J.Davey, LANL; D.Wood, Cabot Corp.

For more information, please visit :
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Water Fuel Cells – Before You Buy, Read This

What if water fuel cells were the future of cars? What if we could really get rid of gasoline and oil dependence through this amazing technology, and what if we could ask our cars to run solely on water? It would change everything.

Water fuel cells involve a high level technology that encourages the electricity needed to power cars to be conducted by water rather than gas. It’s a simplistic way of explaining it, but the water that would replace the gas could become the future of car technology if we put our resources into developing it.

In water fuel cells, the water would basically “combust” to become hydrogen and oxygen. The car’s engine would burn through the hydrogen and incur the basic energy that we see from gasoline and diesel powered engines today. The concept was originally invented by Stanley Allen Meyer, but the totality of his principle was eventually rejected by scientific communities.

Instead of spending time developing water fuel cells, the scientific community spent its energy discrediting Meyer and his claim. Some projected that there was actually a conspiracy theory afoot, as oil fields in Texas would have been affected as would our international relations with the Middle East. There are many theories, none of which have been proven.

Water fuel cells are gaining attention once again as we realize now that our oil dependence is a serious problem. We need to have an alternative fuel source that will power our cars, and maybe even some day, heat our homes. The science behind this technology is a complex one, and the implications of introducing these cars to the public are rather significant. But with renewed vigor, these cells are now receiving the attention that they deserve.

If we could manufacture water fuel cells, we would reduce our oil dependency by an approximated 60% to 90%, depending on applied usage. This means that we would be able to withdraw our interest from countries that aren’t happy with us and we could become a much more self sustained country.

In the overall picture, water fuel cells could literally save not only our society but our planet as well. To date smog, ground level ozone, and water pollution caused by roadway runoff is one of the most serious planet health issues that we face today. Removing the destructive nature of gas powered vehicles would cut ground level ozone production immensely, as this is the major source of this deadly pollutant.

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Longest Nanowires May Lead To Better Fuel Cells

We are searching for the alternative energy which can conveniently be used for our industrial and everyday purposes. Wind, water, geothermal and many other alternative energy sources are good and clean and green. But all of them lack one thing or another and don’t seem commercially viable. Researchers all over the world are trying to find solutions for this impending and inevitable energy crisis. Scientists from University of Rochester are trying to do the same thing. They are aiming to produce longest platinum nanowires. This feat has not been achieved by anyone. These longest platinum nanowires could make an impact on the development of fuel cells for cars, trucks and other devices. The wires, 1/50,000 the width of a human hair, are thousands of times longer than any previously made, according to a report in Nano Letters.

James C. M. Li who is the professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Rochester, states, “People have been working on developing fuel cells for decades. But the technology is still not being commercialized. Platinum is expensive, and the standard approach for using it in fuel cells is far from ideal. These nanowires are a key step toward better solutions.”

These platinum nanowires are better for the longevity and efficiency of fuel cells. Till now these nanowires are utilized in the spacecrafts only. Now team of researchers at University of Rochester are of the view that platinum nanowires can be exploited as modes of transport fuel. “Our ultimate purpose is to make free-standing fuel cell catalysts from these nanowires,” says Li. This discovery would reduce the consumption of conventional fuels.

Fuel cells require catalysts that can facilitate the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. This will split the compressed hydrogen fuel into acidic hydrogen ion and release the electrons. These electrons are diverted into an external circuit to provide energy. What happened to the hydrogen ions? Those hydrogen ions combine with electrons and oxygen to create the byproduct in the form of liquid or vaporous water.

Platinum has been the chief substance utilized as catalysts in making fuel cell because platinum has the ability to endure the harsh acidic environment inside the fuel cell. Platinum’s energy efficiency is also considerably greater than that of cheaper metals like nickel.

The efficiency of the catalysts in increased by maximizing the exposed surface area of platinum nanoparticles. The technology has already been used or nanocomputers and other nano devices. The big difference in the platinum nanowires produced by Li and his graduate student Jianglan Shui is that by a process known as electrospinning they have produced platinum nanowires that are thousands of times longer than any previous such wires.

Making such nanowires is a highly challenging task. “The reason people have not come to nanowires before is that it’s very hard to make them,” says Li. “The parameters affecting the morphology of the wires are complex. And when they are not sufficiently long, they behave the same as nanoparticles.”

The problem with previous technologies is that they heavily depend on nanoparticles in order to expose the surface area of platinum to the maximum. The more surface area there is, apparently the greater is the efficiency. But the basic problem is these particles can always merge through a process called surface diffusion, combining, and consequently reducing the total surface area and the amount of energy produced. The second problem is that nanoparticles need the carbon support structure to stop them from going haywire. Carbon is subject to oxidation, and these particles don’t go well with carbon structures. As the carbon degrades, the particles are permanently lost.

This doesn’t happen in the case of nanowires. Since platinum is uniformly arranged in a thin wire the particles comprising them do not need the carbon structures to support them.

Beads that would have formed on the platinum nanowires would have caused another problem and Li’s team has taken care of it. “With platinum being so costly, it’s quite important that none of it goes to waste when making a fuel cell,” says Li. “We studied five variables that affect bead formation and we finally got it—nanowires that are almost bead free.”

 

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Microfuel Cells – Unlimited Energy Potential

The microfuel cell could solve many of the problems relating to the transportation energy crisis. Everyone is excited about fuel cells, but most of the discussion is about when they will appear in the cars we drive. What most people don’t realize is that the first uses for fuel cells of any size will not be in vehicles, but will be in the small hand held devices used around the world: cell phones, digital cameras, laptop computers and other small portable devices. Conventional batteries are rapidly becoming inadequate to meet the power demands of portable electronic devices. To address this growing problem, researchers are focusing on developing microfuel cells.

What Are Fuel Cells?

Larger fuel cells have traditionally been developed for powering vehicles as an alternative to gas propulsion. As was briefly discussed above, our energy needs are not limited to vehicles only. Smaller, battery operated items need effective, clean alternatives to batteries, which allow them to run longer and better without sacrificing performance. Microfuels cells are ideal as power components for electronic devices.

A fuel cell is a device in which hydrogen and oxygen are converted into water, producing electricity and heat in the process. It is similar to a battery in that can be recharged while drawing power from it. Whereas batteries use electricity to recharge, fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen. An important difference is that batteries store energy, while fuel cells produce energy. In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are electrochemically combined rather than consumed as in a battery. Methanol is the most commonly used fuel to produce hydrogen inside a fuel cell because it produces a lot of power at low cost, and is easy to handle and distribute.

About 400 million portable devices such as cellphones, laptops, and digital cameras are sold each year to a growing market of consumers. The first micro fuel cells were developed as replacements for conventional cell phone battery packs. The trend is toward adding more energy thirsty features to these devices, from color screens to more memory, and toward multi-purpose devices like cell phones that double as digital cameras. Current battery technologies can’t satisfy this energy demand. Devices are also getting smaller, making it doubly challenging to find room for a battery. In addition, there is a problem of landfill issues for degrading batteries, such as toxic residues.

Looking Toward The Future

Eventually, microfuel cells could replace the standard car battery. Although developers are concerned at this time that the costs of microfuel cells in automobiles may be prohibitive. However, as the technology is refined, replacing the battery could eventually be made more economical. Microfuel cells, as with larger fuel cells, are created to burn hydrogen rather than gasoline which is more environmentally friendly. Currently, the microfuel cell industry is working toward developing technologies that will permit the microfuel cell to replace internal combustion engines. The makes microfuel cells a good, but future, alternative energy source.

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Hydrogen Cells – The Easy Add on For a More Efficient Car

Hydrogen has been shown to be a great potential resource for an alternative fuel. To fuel a hydrogen cell you just need water a readily available resource.. You just need to convert water to its parts and you have the fuel you are looking for to run your car.. Originally proposed by scientist Nikola Tesla there are rumors it was suppressed for political reasons. Despite the fact that it is now seen as a new technology it has been proposed for quite some time..

A hydrogen cell can increase your gas mileage significantly..Combining hydrogen with your current fuel allows you to get 50% or more mileage from the same amount of fuel.

This works because hydrogen gets used at very close to 100% efficiency. Compare that with the normal 20% or so of the average fossil fuel. Combined the hydrogen allows the fossil fuel to burn more efficiently and with much less pollution due to the increased efficiency.

Now just to keep you from being confused here are a few definitions to help you. “Hydrogen fuel cells” is a term that applies to a system that breaks down water into the base elements allowing you to run a car on water..All of these terms stand for the same process as a hydrogen cell – hydrogen oxygen converter, hydrogen generator, hydroxy gas, HHO, Brown’s gas, and hydrogen converter.

All of these systems do the same thing. You put together a simple hydrogen conversion system (a glass jar, a couple of engine hoses, a fuse, mounted to feed into the existing fuel system etc.). and then add this to your gas or diesel engine and combine it with your existing fuel source.

This system removes the hydrogen and oxygen from water and into their initial elements and you add the two of them to your existing fuel source. Combine this with your existing fuel source and your fuel will now burn more efficiently.

Adding the hydrogen and oxygen to the system causes your current fuel to burn much more efficiently. This creates more power from the same amount of fuel simply due to the efficiency.

You gain not only fuel savings but because of the increase in efficiency you are running a cleaner engine with more power for a smoother ride especially under load. This also means less pollution comes out of the tail pipe.

You can easily create a hydrogen cell with parts you can find at your local hardware store. If you are not mechanical you can have your favorite mechanic add this for you quite easily.

There are numerous videos available that show the positive results people are getting using this technology. In South Carolina a small town converted all of their police cars to this technology and it was reported on station WYFF News 4. This technology does work now and has been proved out.

Converting your car to use a hydrogen cell is extremely easy. There are step by step guides to show you exactly how to do this. It can be bolted on to your existing engine with just a few blots and easily removed if you decide it is not for you.

HHO Gas Car Hybrids Hydrogen On Demand Fuel Cells – Can We Reduce Our Dependence On Foreign Oil?

HHO Gas Car Hybrids Hydrogen On Demand Fuel Cells – Can We Reduce Our Dependence On Foreign Oil?

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HHO Gas Car Hybrids Hydrogen On Demand Fuel Cells – Can We Reduce Our Dependence On Foreign Oil?

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HHO Gas Car Hybrids Hydrogen On Demand Fuel Cells – Can We Reduce Our Dependence On Foreign Oil?

By: Pete Marks

About the Author

Enjoying the Internet and latest technologies please visit >>> Increase Gas Mileage Improvement DIY.

(ArticlesBase SC #329474)

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/ – HHO Gas Car Hybrids Hydrogen On Demand Fuel Cells – Can We Reduce Our Dependence On Foreign Oil?

HHO gas cars are making the news and one has to wonder if this type of technology can reduce our dependence on foreign oil. HHO gas car kits are available online and are claiming an increase in gas mileage up to 100%. When you do a little more research it appears that 15 – 40% seems more typical.

You could always purchase a hybrid car but these cars are not cheap costing thousands of dollars.

With oil consumption increasing globally and through 2009 it is expected that consumption in the U.S. should increase about 0.8 percent as younger drivers come on board. As third word countries oil consumption increases it will put a further burden on current supplies. The good news is that current supplies will continue to output more barrels per day and add to the current supply so overall this effect will be that supplies will not continue to get any tighter. It is expected that current oil and gas prices will be somewhat stable through 2009. Even with gasoline prices remaining about the same it still put s burden on many drivers who have a limited budget. This will leave many drivers looking for alternative ways to increase gas mileage or cut back on driving and investigate other methods of improving gas mileage such as HHO gas car kits.

With current government figures showing that about 60% of our crude is imported even a minimal increase in gas mileage of 15% would be enough to tip the scales and reduce foreign oil imports. Couple HHO technology with other hybrid car technologies and it would be very possible to seriously reduce our dependence on foreign oil. It would also have an impact on global warming due to the reductions in emissions.

With gas prices increasing every time you fill up many people are looking for alternatives to save fuel. HHO gas car kits are becoming more popular as an alternative energy source. Many call an HHO cell a hydrogen fuel cell or hydrogen on demand system. HHO gas is converted from water, a catalyst, and electrical current. Water for gas is often the claim. This would be great to take an existing technology to convert your current car to a water burning vehicle.

Water as gas has been known to help keep an engine clean less carbon buildups, better emissions including an increase in horsepower and less trips to the gas pump. Keep in mind though that it is only being use as a supplement that is introduced into the intake manifold and burned along with gasoline or diesel. In many cases HHO gas cars are still considered experimental.

A typical HHO gas hydrogen on demand fuel cell may do well on a small four cylinder engine. As the size of the engine increases in liters it is not uncommon to see kits or experimenters use more cells. I have seen kits for 8 cylinder five liter engines with 4 to 6 HHO fuels cells. In all it also depends on the efficiency of the hydrogen cell on how many may be used.

There are many forums online that focus on the use of HHO gas hybrids and the use of homemade fuel cells. These fuels cells have been installed on cars, truck, motorcycles even lawnmowers. Most HHO or browns gas forums focus on creating more gas from a HHO fuel cell. With as much interest and the buzz online concerning hydrogen on demand systems it is no wonder that homemade HHO gas generators have become popular with do it yourself hobbyists and experimenters. Home made HHO gas car kits can often be manufactured for under a 0 and installed in less than an hour and removed in minutes. These conversions do not require complex modifications.

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Researching Fuel Cells – New Facts Revealed

Since the millenium, we have all been concerned about the “green” movement. One move is the new technologies that are coming out with the resarch into fuel cells, which is all about alternative fuels to power our car. Fuel cells produce an electric current – they are mechanical devices using hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuel like methane. Fuel cells whilst being clean and quiet, they are highly efficient as sources of electricity. Extensive research by scientists shows much promise on some new fuel cells, which are smaller. The alternative fuel industry would benefit greatly from these.

President Bush announced the Hydrogen Fuel Initiave (HFI) program in 2003, as part of his State of the Union Address. Fully suported by legislation of the Energy Policy Act 2005 (EPACT 2005) and the Advanced Energy Initiative 2006 the aims are to develop fuel cell, hydrogen and infrastructure technologies in order to make the production of fuel-cell vehicles much more cost-effective and practical by the year 2020. Over one billion dollars has been dedicated by the United States towards the development and research into fuel cells up to now.

Inside a battery is where all of its chemicals are stored, which are converted into electricity. Once a battery loses all its power it becomes ‘dead’ so you either dispose of it, or if it is rechargeable, you put it in a charger to be powered up again. A fuel cell, however, never goes dead with a continuous flow of chemicals going into it, the electricity can flow out endlessly. Currently fuel cells use the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen. With the ongoing research into fuel cells, the focus is on making the fuel cells smaller and much more efficient. The production of alternative fuel vehicles is on the increase, so there is a demand for better energy sources, which will be seen in the future as information and technology advances. The first fuel cells that came out were large in size and unwieldy, but today are getting smaller and much more adaptable for the alternative fuel vehicle.

The fuel cell was introcuced to primarily reduce the amount of pollution. We are all aiming to do our best for the environment by becoming ‘greener’. By the comparisons into a fuel cell-powered car against a car powered by petrol or diesel and a car powered by battery, fuel cells can be seen to be more efficient and environmentally for motorists and their vehicles. Scientists are clearly devoted into spending as much time on research possible to bring about cleaner running, smaller sized engines.

Extensive fuel cell research is doing its part to reduce greenhouse gases into the air. A lot of funding is needed for research into fuel cells so that the future will see the majority of vehicles powered in this way, and less of the gas powered ones of today. Luckily, the government are now geared towards helping the research move more quickly, so the future of fuel cell powered cars could be nearer than we think!

Water Fuel Cells – are Your Looking to Save Massive Amount of Money?

The high gas prices are making it difficult for people to cut down their cost of running a car. People are very much restless and looking forward to the development of cars which run on water. The creation of water fuel cells is the answer to all your worries. Not only will it cut the cost of running a car but also increase gas mileage to a greater extent.

A lot of studies are being made on the use of hydrogen power in a vehicle. The best part of using hydrogen power is its cost effectiveness. Moreover, the use of hydrogen will only bring out one byproduct which is water. The use of water fuel cells in the engine of the car will lead to increased gas mileage and cleaner environment. Water fuel cells are fitted under the hood of a car and look more like a quart shaped vessel.

Water fuel cells, also known as hydrogen fuel cells, are filled up with water and a little bit of baking soda are added to it. One section of the machine is fitted to the exhaust of the engine in the car which in turn pumps out the exhausted fuel. Another part of the water fuel cell is connected to the carburetor of the engine. The electric power is generated by the car battery into the water. The electric power helps to break the baking soda into hydrogen and water. Thus, the uses of hydrogen generators are being popular day by day.

As baking soda breaks down to hydrogen and water, this hydrogen is converted to a gas which goes back to the carburetor and burns the extra fuel. This gas is popularly known as HHO or the Brown gas. This entire procedure improves the engine’s efficiency by almost 100%. The hydrogen fuel cells are affordable and can be fitted in any kind of a vehicle. A person who wants to create a water fuel cell needs to purchase only four gallons of distilled water and a box of baking soda. Both of these will cost only about $ 5, compared to how much you have to pay for gas, it is nothing.

Water fuel cells are cost effective, easy to create and free of pollution. The use of water for gas is being adapted presently by the automotive industry. These cheaper modes of running a car will lead to cost reduction throughout the year. You can also claim your IRS tax refund by running a car which is extremely environment friendly.

convert your car to run on water is not difficult find out how people have successfully done it at Water Fuel Cells – Are Your Looking to Save Massive Amount of Money?, if you really are serious about saving money massively, visit run car on water and save

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Small Fuel Cells for Portable Applications CD-ROM Library – Editions 1-9 —- Aarkstore Enterprise

A 15 billion dollar market awaits organizations prepared to capitalize on the urgent need for long-running portable power

Small Fuel Cells(sm) for Portable Applications Library includes all 9 editions of the Small Fuel Cells publications. With over 175 chapters, these reports have the latest information available with complete narratives, charts, graphs and data that you will find in no publication of its kind.

Table of Contents :

Chapter 1 – 9th Edition
Methods and Tools for Designing Successful Hybrid Systems
Roger A. Dougal, PhD, Professor of Electrical Engineering, VTB Project Director, University of South Carolina

Design of fuel cell and battery hybrid systems entails integration of strongly interdisciplinary sub-systems involving everything from electrochemistry and power electronics to fluid and heat transfer. The design process can be simplified by the application of appropriate multidisciplinary design tools. This presentation will describe methods for hybrid system design and illustrate those methods with example systems that have been validated in hardware.

Chapter 2 – 9th Edition
Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells: A Novel Class of Fuel Cell – Battery Hybrid Technology

Gennadi Finkelshtain, Chief Technical Officer, Medis Technologies

Medis Technologies’ Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells (DBFC) offers a compelling alternative to the traditional fuel cell chemistries. Medis has launched its first consumer product, the Medis 24/7 Power Pack, based on a novel approach, including proprietary chemistry and assembly technologies. We will provide an overview Power Pack product, including performance, production technology and chemistry. Medis has developed a second generation hybridized version of our Power Pack and we will provide an overview of our hybridization method, including an overview of the performance benefits created by hybridization.

Chapter 3 – 9th Edition
Identification and Characterization of Near-Term Commercial Markets for PEM Fuel Cells in Portable Applications

Kathleen Judd, Senior Research Scientist,  Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/ Battelle Memorial Institute

In a study for the U.S. Department of Energy, TV broadcasting video cameras were identified as a near-term opportunity for portable direct hydrogen PEM fuel cells. A technical comparison of PEM fuel cells and competing battery alternatives was performed for TV broadcasting video cameras. The comparison includes a lifecycle cost analysis of fuel cell and battery technologies (lithium ion and nickel cadmium) under different use scenarios for TV broadcasting video cameras. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to show the variability in average annual system cost as individual factors (e.g. cost, durability of the fuel cell) are varied while other factors are held constant. A value proposition was defined for this market based on the overall market, economic, and technology assessments.

Chapter 4 – 9th Edition
Durability and Design of Battery/Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems

Tom Fuller, PhD, Professor, Director of the Center for Innovative Fuel Cell and Battery Technologies, Georgia Institute of Technology

Hybrid architectures are becoming common regardless of the system scale. The principal goal of system design has been minimizing fuel consumption. Whereas it is understood that the components of the system must be evaluated and the control strategy scrutinized simultaneously, what’s missing is any consideration of the durability of the electrochemical devices. The necessity of understanding and predicting not just initial performance but life behavior is paramount to commercialization of these power systems. A system model elucidates the interactions between components and enables the response of the system as a whole to changing load demands to be determined. Their life and the associated failure mechanisms are strongly dependent on the architecture, load profile, and control strategies. This is illustrated with an example of platinum stability in a fuel-cell hybrid system.

Chapter 5 – 9th Edition
Development of a Fully-Integrated, Hybrid, High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell/Lithium Ion Battery Power Plant

Daniel A. Betts, PhD, Engineering Manager, EnerFuel, a subsidiary of Ener1, Inc.

From a business standpoint, Ener1, Inc. is well-positioned to take advantage of the upcoming demand for fuel cell/battery automotive power plants. Ener1 is the parent company of EnerDel, an automotive lithium-ion battery developer, and EnerFuel, a fuel cell company. While EnerDel is in the process of establishing itself as an important player in the automotive lithium ion battery market, EnerFuel has been developing fuel cells with substantial technical advantages over traditional automotive fuel cell technologies. EnerFuel has pioneered high temperature PEM fuel cell stacks. High temperature operation has allowed EnerFuel to pursue designs that are durable, thermally stable, compact, and relatively inexpensive. In this presentation, quantifiable benefits of EnerFuels high temperature PEM fuel cell are discussed.

Chapter 6 – 9th Edition
Fuel Cell and Battery Hybrid System for Portable Electronics Applications

Naehyuck Chang, PhD, Associate Professor, Dept of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University

This talk introduces a PEM fuel cell and Li-ion battery hybrid system for use in portable microelectronic systems which are subject to high power fluctuation though their average power consumption is small. We introduce several issues in fuel cell and battery hybrid systems for such systems in view of computer engineering that includes architectures of hybrid systems, battery management, load shaping using power management techniques, and a prototype implementation.

Chapter 7 – 9th Edition
Department of Energy Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell R&D Activities

Terry Payne, PhD, PE, Technology Development Manager, Hydrogen, Fuel Cell & Infrastructure Technologies Program, The U.S. Department of Energy

Though the DOE Hydrogen Program emphasizes polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells in passenger vehicles, the program also supports fuel cells for portable power applications where earlier market entry would assist in the development of a fuel cell manufacturing base. This talk will provide an update on the status of DOE PEM fuel cell development particularly for portable power, ongoing efforts to eliminate barriers, and the path being pursued.

Chapter 8 – 9th Edition
Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells: An Emerging Technology with Reduced Logistic Footprint for Military and Civil Applications

Carsten Cremers, PhD and Michael Krausa, PhD, Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT

An important goal of replacing primary batteries by hybrids of rechargeable batteries and fuel cells is to reduce the logistic effort in power supply. Fuel cells using ethanol would be beneficial as ethanol offers a higher availability and easier handling compared to methanol. However, the performance of today’s DEFCs does not compete with that of commercial DMFCs. To improve this performance two approaches are currently pursued, a multistep process in proton exchange membrane based DEFC and alkaline DEFC using anion exchange membranes. The current state of the art of both approaches will be presented and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed.

Chapter 9 – 9th Edition
Micro Fuel Cell System for Mobile Consumer Electronic Devices

Shuji Goto, and Tadashi Senoo, Manager, Materials Labora

For more information, please visit :

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Samsung Cell Phones And Fuel Cells: The Next Big Innovation

The Japanese technology firm Toshiba has released a portable, palm-sized Fuel-Cell that is capable of recharging two handheld devices, such as Samsung Cell Phones, in a matter of seconds. This is an innovative idea and a great device for those away from electricity for extended periods of time or anyone in the general public looking for on the move, immediate battery recharge. The idea comes at a perfect time when there is so much innovation in the cell phone world yet no out of the box thinking for related items to cell phones.

The Dynario, as the Toshiba portable fuel-cell is called, works like this: A chemical reaction in which methanol is injected into oxygen makes electricity. With this electricity, The Dynario is then attached to a mobile device (Samsung Cell Phone) via a USB cable and the device is charged within seconds. What an innovation! Apparently Toshiba has been researching fuel-cell technology since the mid 1990′s but hadn’t commercialized anything up to this point in time. The Dynario fuel-cells will be sold directly through the Toshiba website, at least to begin business with the product.

This is such a cool innovation as it comes from a tech company that, rather than building the next smartphone in an already very competitive marketplace, have instead found a way to contribute with zero competition to be seen. This is amazing if you consider that this will likely work on any Samsung Cell Phones and smartphones as well as music players and in all likelihood, soon enough it will be available for laptops and a number of other portable devices.

This is the kind of innovation that makes technology so interesting. As a writer my knowledge of anything scientific is quite minimal so to know that a simple chemical reaction in a palm-sized device can create electricity and thus fuel a couple handheld devices is simply beyond me. But what will this lead to in the near future? Who can know for sure but it will be fun to wait and see. While reports from a few decades ago hoped for floating cars and the like, I think we can all still be very pleased with the technological progress that has been made in the last twenty years. And the way things are moving it appears as though it will only continue to get better and better. My bold prediction for the near future is a phone that can recharge via wireless internet. Sounds far-fetched, but we’ll see. You heard it here first!